In 1906, American photographer Edward S. Curtis was offered $75,000 to document North American Indians. The benefactor, J.P Morgan, was to receive 25 sets of the completed series of 20 volumes with 1,500 photographs entitled The North American Indian. Curtis set out to photograph the North American Indian way of life at a time when Native Americans were being forced from their land and stripped of their rights. Curtis’ photographs depicted a romantic version of the culture which ran contrary to the popular view of Native Americans as savages.
Title: The Oath – Apsaroke.
Date Created/Published: c1908 November 19.
Summary: Three Apsaroke men gazing skyward, two holding rifles, one with object skewered on arrow pointed skyward, bison skull at their feet.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Mizheh and babe.
Date Created/Published: c1906 December 19.
Summary: Apache woman, at base of tree, holding infant in cradleboard in her lap.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Sioux chiefs.
Date Created/Published: c1905.
Summary: Photograph shows three Native Americans on horseback.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Ready for the throw – Nunivak.
Date Created/Published: c1929 February 28.
Summary: Eskimo man seated in a kayak prepares to throw spear.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: The mealing trough – Hopi.
Date Created/Published: c1906.
Summary: Four young Hopi Indian women grinding grain.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: The scout in winter – Apsaroke.
Date Created/Published: c1908 July 6.
Summary: Apsaroke man on horseback on snow-covered ground, probably in Pryor Mountains, Montana.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: At the old well of Acoma
Date Created/Published: c1904 November 12.
Summary: Acoma girl, seated on rock, watches as another girl fills a pottery vessel with water from a pool.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: On the Little Big Horn.
Date Created/Published: c1908 July 6.
Summary: Horses wading in water next to a Crow tipi encampment.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: When winter comes.
Date Created/Published: c1908 July 6.
Summary: Dakota woman, carrying firewood in snow, approaches tipi.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: A burial platform – Apsaroke.
Date Created/Published: c1908 July 6.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Drilling ivory – King Island.
Date Created/Published: c1929 February 28.
Summary: Eskimo man, wearing hooded parka, manually drilling an ivory tusk.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Drying meat.
Date Created/Published: c1908 November 19.
Summary: Two Dakota women hanging meat to dry on poles, tent in background.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: The fisherman – Wishham (i.e., Wishram).
Date Created/Published: c1910 March 11.
Summary: Tlakluit Indian, standing on rock, fishing with dip net.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Boys in a kaiak (i.e., kayak) – Nunivak.
Date Created/Published: c1929 February 28.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Jicarilla fiesta.
Date Created/Published: c1905.
Summary: Jicarilla Apaches, most on horse back, moving toward encampment.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Tewa girls.
Date Created/Published: c1900.
Summary: Two Tewa girls standing outside pueblo building.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Nunipayo decorating pottery.
Date Created/Published: c1900.
Summary: Woman seated on mat painting designs on pottery.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: The scout – Atsina.
Date Created/Published: c1908 November 19.
Summary: Atsina man, full-length portrait, standing, turned right, holding rifle while he looks over a grassy plain.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Village herald.
Date Created/Published: c1907 December 26.
Summary: Dakota man, wearing war bonnet, sitting on horseback, his left hand outstreched toward tipi in background, others on horseback.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: The primitive artists – Paviotso.
Date Created/Published: c1924 August 5.
Summary: Paviotso man standing, marking side of glacial boulder that already has petroglyphs on it.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Washing wheat – San Juan.
Date Created/Published: c1905 December 26.
Summary: Two San Juan Indians dipping baskets of wheat into an acequia, or irrigation ditch, to dissolve dirt and to float away debris from the wheat kernels.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Invocation – Sioux.
Date Created/Published: c1907 December 26.
Summary: Dakota man, wearing breechcloth, holding pipe, with right hand raised skyward.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: The wedding party – Qagyuhl.
Date Created/Published: c1914 November 13.
Summary: Two canoes pulled ashore with wedding party, bride and groom standing on “bride’s seat” in the stern, relative of the bride dances on platform in bow.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: A smoky day at the Sugar Bowl – Hupa.
Date Created/Published: c1923 June 30.
Summary: Hupa man with spear, standing on rock midstream, in background, fog partially obscures trees on mountainsides.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Brul war party.
Date Created/Published: c1907 December 26.
Summary: Brul Indians, many wearing war bonnets, on horseback.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Hide scraping – Apsaroke.
Date Created/Published: c1908 July 6.
Summary: Apsaroke woman scraping hide that is secured to the ground by numerous stakes, tipi in background.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Pack horse [i.e., packhorse] – Apsaroke.
Date Created/Published: c1908 July 6.
Summary: Apsaroke woman on horseback, packhorse beside her.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Home of the Kalispel.
Date Created/Published: c1910 March 11.
Summary: Kalispel camp on a riverbank with tipis and frame houses, three canoes in water in foreground.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: The fire drill – Koskimo.
Date Created/Published: c1914 November 13.
Summary: Koskimo man, full-length portrait, seated on ground, facing down, using a fire drill.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: A child’s lodge.
Date Created/Published: c1910 December 10.
Summary: Piegan girl standing outside small tipi.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: On the war path – Atsina.
Date Created/Published: c1908 November 19.
Summary: Small band of Atsina men on horseback, some carrying staffs with feathers, one wearing a war bonnet.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Atsina camp scene.
Date Created/Published: c1908 November 19.
Summary: Tipis on plains.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: In a Piegan lodge.
Date Created/Published: c1910 March 11.
Summary: Little Plume and son Yellow Kidney seated on ground inside lodge, pipe between them.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Acoma roadway
Date Created/Published: c1905.
Summary: Group of Acoma women, carrying pottery vessels, descending between rock formations.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: The ivory carver – Nunivak.
Date Created/Published: c1929 February 28.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Arikara medicine fraternity – The prayer.
Date Created/Published: c1908 November 19.
Summary: Arikara shamans, without shirts, backs to camera, seated in a semi-circle around a sacred cedar tree, tipis in background.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.itle: At Noatak village.
Date Created/Published: c1929.
Summary: Two Eskimos in kayak.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Arriving home — Noatak.
Date Created/Published: c1929.
Summary: Eskimo and dogs in sailboat.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: The Bowman – Nootka.
Date Created/Published: c1910.
Summary: Rear view of nude Indian standing on rock in water and aiming arrow.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: [Sun dance in progress – Cheyenne].
Date Created/Published: c1910.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: The eagle catcher.
Date Created/Published: c1908.
Summary: Hidatsa Indian standing on large rock overlooking valley, full-length, left profile, holding eagle.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: The flight of arrows.
Date Created/Published: c1908.
Summary: Atsina crazy dance, Indians shooting arrows toward sky.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Diegueo house at Campo.
Date Created/Published: c1924.
Summary: Hut, Campo, California.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: [Saguaro gatherers, Maricopa tribe]
Date Created/Published: 1907, c1907.
Summary: Three Maricopa women with baskets on their heads, standing by Saguaro cacti.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: In camp.
Date Created/Published: 1908.
Summary: Two Dakota Sioux Indians cutting meat and drying it on poles.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Night medicine men.
Date Created/Published: 1908, c1908.
Summary: Arikara medicine ceremony with four night men dancing.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: At the water’s edge – Piegan.
Date Created/Published: 1910, c1910.
Summary: Two tepees reflected in water of pond, with four Piegan Indians seated in front of one tepee.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: War party’s farewell – Atsina.
Date Created/Published: 1908.
Summary: Four Atsina Indians on horseback overlooking tepees in valley beyond.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: [The terraced houses of Zuni].
Date Created/Published: c1903.
Summary: Adobe buildings.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Zuni gardens.
Date Created/Published: c1927.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: [Joseph Dead Feast Lodge – Nez Perc].
Date Created/Published: c1905.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: The chief – Klamath.
Date Created/Published: c1923.
Summary: Photograph shows Klamath Indian chief in ceremonial headdress standing on hill overlooking lake, California or Oregon.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Goldenrod meadows – Piegan.
Date Created/Published: c1910.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Launching the boat – Little Diomede Island.
Date Created/Published: c1928.
Summary: Group of men launching boat from rocky shoreline.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Sled, Nunivak.
Date Created/Published: c1929.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: [Drying walrus hide, Diomede, Alaska].
Date Created/Published: c1929.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: [Hooper Bay homes, Hooper Bay, Alaska].
Date Created/Published: c1929.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: [Food caches, Hooper Bay, Alaska].
Date Created/Published: c1929.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: [Entering the Bad Lands. Three Sioux Indians on horseback].
Date Created/Published: c1905.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: An oasis in the Badlands.
Date Created/Published: c1905.
Summary: Oglala man (Red Hawk) on horse drinking at oasis.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Black Caon.
Date Created/Published: c1905.
Summary: Rear view of Crow Indian, standing, overlooking Black Caon.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: [Blackfoot Indian fleshing a hide].
Date Created/Published: c1927.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: [Eskimos in kayaks, Noatak, Alaska].
Date Created/Published: c1929.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: [Cahuilla house in the desert, California].
Date Created/Published: c1924.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Preparing salmon – Wishram.
Date Created/Published: c1910.
Summary: Tlakluit Indian woman, sitting on ground, placing salmon fillets on wood plank, woven reed mat in background, Washington State.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: [East Mesa girls – Hopi].
Date Created/Published: c1906.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: In the village of Santa Clara.
Date Created/Published: c1905.
Summary: Two Pueblo women carrying jugs on their heads; trees, rail fence, stick structure along dirt path in the background.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Cliff perched homes – Hopi.
Date Created/Published: c1906.
Summary: Four Hopi women in front of pueblo buildings.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Taos children.
Date Created/Published: c1905.
Summary: Four Taos children squat on rocks at edge of stream, mountains in background.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Slow Bull.
Date Created/Published: c1907.
Summary: Dakota man standing outside tipi gazing upward.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.Title: Piegan scout.
Date Created/Published: c1910.
Summary: Piegan man stands with open prairie behind him.
Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, Curtis (Edward S.) Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.
Several Kwakiutl people dancing in a circle around a smoking fire, in an effort to cause a sky creature, which they believe swallowed the moon, to sneeze thereby disgorging it.
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